They can increase the expression of chromosome-encoded β-lactamase genes (bla genes) due to regulatory gene and promoter sequence modifications. A CRE loan is a mortgage secured by a lien on a commercial property. Pathogenic strains can produce about 10-25 times more vesicles than a nonpathogenic strain making this highly relevant to carbapenem resistance transfer. [64], Studies have found prolonged viability of bacteria on stainless-steel surfaces at room temperature. [citation needed] A standardized approach of prevention may help to more effectively reduce the emergence of CRE. Postal codes: USA: 81657, Canada: T5A 0A7, Your abbreviation search returned 84 meanings, Note: We have 250 other definitions for CRE in our Acronym Attic, The Acronym Finder is [16] Her age and condition, combined with her environment and regulation by a catheter and mechanical ventilation, all contributed to a higher susceptibility. NASA, [57] In an active surveillance study in seven U.S. states over two years, the crude overall incidence of CRE was 2.93 per 100,000 population. Find out what is the full meaning of CRE on Abbreviations.com! At-risk patients were being infected in the hospital setting. [65], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [12] Those at highest risk are patients receiving an organ or stem cell implantation, use of mechanical ventilation, or have to have an extended stay in the hospital along with exposure to antimicrobials. Rank Abbr. Looking for online definition of CRE or what CRE stands for? Studies suggest that exposure to dry copper surfaces inhibits the respiration and growth of producers by releasing copper ions. Finally, they can lower or even inhibit the expression of porin genes. No new drugs for the bacteria are in development and the bacteria's rapid adaptation to new drugs makes investment in their development unprofitable, as the new drug would quickly become useless. Patients with organisms that had an MIC of ≥4 mg/liter had worse outcomes than those with isolates of an MIC of ≤2 mg/liter. Eight different practices were observed among the 15 hospitals, some of which included in the most recent publication of guidelines from the Public Health Agency of Canada. STANDS4 LLC, 2020. [5], Increases in CRE have not been limited to the US. The exact way they affect the carbapenemases is unknown. Patients with diabetes have also been shown to be at an elevated risk for acquiring CRE infections. [48] A reduction in the use of unnecessary invasive devices, including urinary catheters, could help reduce CRE transmission. where no mass change occurs. In one study, an elderly patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia being treated in a long-term care facility contracted a CRE infection. A retrospective study of patients with CRKp and CSKp infection asserted that the use of cephalosporins (a class of β-lactam antibiotics) used before invasive procedures was higher in patients with CRKp infection, suggesting that it is a risk factor. [58] Fosfomycin is an antimicrobial agent that acts to inhibit UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA) which catalyzes one of the early steps of bacterial cell wall synthesis, and is effective against Gram-negative and -positive aerobic bacteria, such as CRE. Variations are seen in the media used for inoculation. [52], Although tigecycline is one of the first lines of defense against carbapenemase-producing isolates, negative clinical outcomes with tigecycline have occurred. © 1988-2020, Get instant explanation for any acronym or abbreviation that hits you anywhere on the web. [39] Their findings included: Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), that can transfer DNA between bacterial cells, are produced by metabolically active bacterial cells, and the OMVs are not the result of cell lysis or cell death.

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