[144], France is a member of the G8, World Trade Organization (WTO),[145] the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC)[146] and the Indian Ocean Commission (COI). The Vichy government approved of the laws and implemented them as part of its Travail, famille, patrie national motto, as did the postwar Provisional Government of the French Republic. Postwar French foreign policy has been largely shaped by membership of the European Union, of which it was a founding member. According to the French Institute, the increase resulting from the financial crisis that hit several European countries in that period, has pushed up the number of Europeans installed in France. Relations between the U.S. and France have remained severely strained over Iraq. [379] France is in 2013 the 2nd exporter of films in the world after the United States. President Hollande backed the law despite months of protests against it. [110] However, the plan was abandoned due to fears of burdening French businesses. Today, Paris, along with London, Milan, and New York City, is considered one of the world's fashion capitals, and the city is home or headquarters to many of the premier fashion houses. The following compares the past, present, and future size of the French population with other entities in Europe and in the world. French police launched an assault on the building, freeing the hostage and killing the suspects. [435][436] After Athens was awarded the first Games, in reference to the Olympics' Greek origins, Paris hosted the second Games in 1900. [131] The National Assembly deputies represent local constituencies and are directly elected for 5-year terms. Descartes revitalised Western philosophy, which had been declined after the Greek and Roman eras. Metropolitan France includes various coastal islands, of which the largest is Corsica. A third suspect, Hamyd Mourad, who was driving the getaway car, turned himself in to authorities. [162] Recently, after the unilateral declaration of independence of Northern Mali by the Tuareg MNLA and the subsequent regional Northern Mali conflict with several Islamist groups including Ansar Dine and MOJWA, France and other African states intervened to help the Malian Army to retake control. Long-established TV channels TF1 (privatized in 1987), France 2 and France 3 have the highest shares, while radio stations RTL, Europe 1 and state-owned France Inter are the least listened to. In 2017, France was the fourth-largest donor (in absolute terms) of development aid in the world, behind the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. A new France emerged from World War I as the continent's dominant power. [8][93], Of 229,000 foreigners in France in 2012, nearly 8% were Portuguese, British 5%, Spanish 5%, Italians 4%, Germans 4%, Romanians 3%, Belgians 3% and Dutch 2%.[8]. Charles the Bald inherited Francia Occidentalis, which became an increasingly feudalized kingdom. In the wake of the series of worldwide protests of 1968, the revolt of May 1968 had an enormous social impact. [84] France has also gradually but fully reintegrated into NATO and has since participated in most NATO sponsored wars. By the end of his reign, France had emerged as the most powerful state in Europe. French education is centralized and divided into three stages: Primary, secondary, and higher education. The SNCF, the French national railroad company, has developed the TGV, a high speed train which holds a series of world speed records. 1895 - La Cigale (brasserie) in business. Among the 47,000 religious buildings in France, 94% are Roman Catholic. Not sure about the geography of the middle east? However, as a result of Nicolas Sarkozy's pro-American politics (much criticised in France by the leftists and by a part of the right), France re-joined the NATO joint military command on 4 April 2009.[153][154][155]. [125] Three communes—Paris, Lyon and Marseille—are subdivided into 45 municipal arrondissements. See also: History of Nantes in the 20th century (in French) 1903 - July: 1903 Tour de France … • The warm-summer mediterranean continental climate (Dsb) is found in all the mountainous regions of southern France between 700 and 1400 meters a.s.l. Until 1799, politicians, apart from inventing a new parliamentary system (the 'Directory'), busied themselves with dissuading the people from Catholicism and from royalism. Most immigrants were Portuguese as well as Arabs and Berbers from North Africa. It resulted in hundreds of thousands of Muslims (especially in the larger cities) living in subsidized public housing and suffering from very high unemployment rates. France population density is 119.7 people per square kilometer (309.9/mi 2) as of September 2020. French composers played an important role during the music of the 19th and early 20th century, which is considered to be the Romantic music era. The systematic torture and repression, as well as the extrajudicial killings that were perpetrated to keep control of Algeria, then considered as an integral part of France and home to over one million European settlers,[77][78] wracked the country and nearly led to a coup and civil war.[79]. The French Republic is divided into 18 regions (located in Europe and overseas), five overseas collectivities, one overseas territory, one special collectivity – New Caledonia and one uninhabited island directly under the authority of the Minister of Overseas France – Clipperton. Rameau became the dominant composer of French opera and the leading French composer for the harpsichord. Source: Our World In Data. In the Mediterranean, about 115 mi (185 km) east-southeast of Nice, is the island of Corsica (3,367 sq mi; 8,721 sq km). Following the revolution, France reached its political and military zenith in the early 19th century under Napoleon Bonaparte, subjugating much of continental Europe and establishing the First French Empire.

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