In this group the apical consonants (comprising the alveolar and retroflex consonants) that were in the middle of a word were pushed to the initial (first) position. The Indus Valley civilization was very advanced for the time period and even had a form of writing. The Dravidian language family contains more than 70 languages that are spoken by over 200 million people, primarily in southern India. Although there are more than 70 individual languages that make up the Dravidian language family, the most commonly spoken are Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam. Speakers of both language families have lived in relatively close proximity for hundreds of years, so it makes sense that there would be some exchanges between the languages. The Dravidian language family is not closely related to other languages spoken in other parts of the Indian subcontinent (which are called Indo-Aryan languages). The four most spoken Dravidian languages also have minor but significant diasporic speakers. Although a number of sound changes occurred after Proto-Dravidian diverged into its subsidiary components, many were shared among the different branches and subgroups. They are used in administration, education, business, and the media. Dravidian people or Dravidians are the present and past speakers of any of the Dravidian languages.There are around 245 million native speakers of Dravidian languages. In contrast, in English (and most other Indo-European languages) we use subject-verb-object. There are also some speakers of Dravidian languages in modern day Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. And are they related to any other language family still used on Earth today? When the word began with a vowel and was followed by an apical consonant and a vowel, V1CapicalV2, it became a word-initial apical consonant followed by a vowel, CapicalV. That’s the Indo-European language family. Here’s a comparison of the numbers 1 to 5 in the four most commonly spoken Dravidian languages: As we can see, the numbers in Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam are very similar. The Tamil word referred to the Tamil people of South India between the 4th and 7th centuries. https://study.com/academy/lesson/dravidian-languages-origins-family.html Dravidian languages, family of some 70 languages spoken primarily in South Asia. The four most commonly spoken Dravidian languages are Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam. All rights reserved. For example, Proto-Dravidian *wil-ay ‘price’ (* wil- ‘to sell’) and *tur-a ‘to push’ became *wel-ay and *tor-a in Proto-South and Proto-South-Central Dravidian. Although it is likely not as old as Tamil, Telugu is spoken by more people than any other Dravidian language. just create an account. Quiz & Worksheet - Dravidian Language History, Over 79,000 lessons in all major subjects, {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, Heirs of the Sumerians: Babylonians, Hittites, Hurrians and Assyrians, The Hittites: Civilization, History & Definition, Proto-Indo-European Language: Roots & Explanation, Ancient Assyrians: History, Civilization & Culture, The Mauryan Empire in India: Rulers & Edicts, Trade Networks in the Middle Ages: Empires & Routes, Mongolians and Their Contributions to Western Civilization, Suleiman and the Ottoman Empire: History, Culture & Exploits, India (1000-1300 CE): Dynasties & Religions, Old Kingdom Egypt: Developments & Achievements, Mohenjo-Daro: Facts, Civilization & Religion, The Mughal Empire: Economy, Technology & Trade, Gobekli Tepe: Location, Facts & Reconstruction, Ancient Thrace: Definition, History & Mythology, Major Events in World History Study Guide, Biological and Biomedical However, scholars noted that Sanskrit and Prakrit loanwords beginning with s lost their leading consonant (e.g., it became Ø) but that those beginning with c did not: e.g., Sanskrit samaya- ‘time’ became Tamil amaya; Sanskrit śrēṇi ‘ladder’ > Prakrit sēṇi > Tamil ēṇi; Sanskrit sahasra- ‘1000’ > Prakrit sahasira- > *sāsira- > Tamil *āyiram. Meanwhile, Kannada and Malayalam (say it backward!) Are Microschools and Pandemic Pods Safer School Alternatives During the Coronavirus Pandemic? Unfortunately not so! Vowels and only certain consonants occur at the beginnings and ends of words; in the middles of words inadmissible sound combinations are eliminated by means of elision, assimilation, or substitution, as well as by means of euphonic sounds and syllables. Not sure what college you want to attend yet? The syntax of the Dravidian languages shares many features with the syntax of such other similarly structured languages as Turkic and Mongolian. Are they indigenous to India or were they brought there in ancient times by people who moved into the area? Log in here for access. imaginable degree, area of In Kota, Toda, Kodagu, and Irula, several sound changes in the vowels of the root syllable occurred when followed by alveolar and retroflex consonants, as did the quality of vowels in the subsequent syllables: Proto-South Dravidian *kiḷ-i/*kiṇ-i ‘parrot’ became Kodagu gïṇ-i; Proto-South Dravidian *eṇ-ṭṭ- ‘eight’ developed to Toda öṭ; and South Dravidian kēḷ ‘to hear, ask’ is the source of Irula kë:kka (infinitive, compare Tamil kēṭ-ka). Little is known about some of the Dravidian languages (Yerukala, Kaikadi, Kurumba, Bellari, Koraga), and their affiliation with other groups has not yet been established.

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