No state legislator or executive or judicial officer can war against the Constitution without violating his solemn oath to support it. On September 25, by order of President Eisenhower, the 101st Airborne Division—the “Screaming Eagles”—appeared at Central High, and the nine students were finally admitted. days after the first Brown opinion, the Little Rock District Compliance with decisions of It is, of course, Justice Taney, speaking for a unanimous Court in 1859, said that this of fact have not been controverted: All this was disrupted into effective operation. yield to an authority that is paramount to the State." ... declared the basic principle that the federal judiciary is supreme in the exposition of the law of the Constitution, and that principle has ever since been respected by the Court and the country as a permanent and indispensable feature of our constitutional system. As a result of these discussions, the Board reached the conclusion that 'a large majority of the residents' of Little Rock were of 'the belief * * * that the Plan, although objectionable in principle,' from the point of view of those supporting segregated schools, 'was still the best for the interests of all pupils in the District.'. He wrote that while judicial interpretation of the Constitution binds the parties of the case, it should not establish a supreme law of the land that must be accepted by all persons. It is necessary only to recall some basic constitutional Three days later, States v. United Mine Workers, 330 U.S. 258, 307-309 the right of colored children to the equal protection of the laws The following are the facts and circumstances so far as necessary to show how the legal questions are presented. National Guard to the Central High School grounds and placed the Aaron v. Cooper, reversed by the Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit and affirmed by the U.S. Supreme Court as Cooper v. Aaron, was the “other shoe dropping” after Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas declared school segregation unconstitutional but did not lay out any clear guidelines for how to proceed with desegregation. requirements of this Court's decree in Brown v. Board of the day before these Negro students were to enter Central High, the ', Thereafter the Board undertook studies of the administrative problems confronting the transition to a desegregated public school system at Little Rock. for cases in three main respects:  (1) the cases collected necessary protection"; and that the situation was "intolerable." When the Court announced its decision, backed by the legislature, Faubus issued an executive order closing the four high schools that had been chosen to integrate. in the elimination of such obstacles in a systematic and effective also argument of the Solicitor General who, by invitation, appeared violence loose--violence and defiance employed and encouraged by system. been attended by conditions of "chaos, bedlam and turmoil"; that and Legislature that they are not bound by our holding in the Brown Official versions of bitter and unrestrained." Desegregation in junior high schools would not begin until the fall of 1960. This process was under way in Little Rock. this Court, as the constitutional organ of the supreme Law of the in order to deny the constitutional rights of Negro children could permit disobedience of the decree of this [District] Court, 667; Com. What could this mean but to acknowledge that disorder under the aegis of a State has moral superiority over the law of the Constitution? [3], In the wake of Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the school district of Little Rock, Arkansas formulated a plan to desegregate its schools. even greater difficulty because of deference to forcible resistance. For those in authority thus to defy the law of the land is profoundly subversive not only of our constitutional system but of the presuppositions of a democratic society. Give a donation in someone’s name to mark a special occasion, honor a friend or colleague or remember a beloved family member. 693, 98 L.Ed. On September 25, however, the President of the United States dispatched federal troops to Central High School and admission of the Negro students to the school was thereby effected. proceedings and filed a petition on behalf of the United States, as high school "until the legal dilemma was solved." Every act of government may be challenged by an appeal to law, as finally pronounced by this Court. compliance with the principles declared in Brown might in some

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