It consisted of steel tanks mounted in a concrete base, 8.2 meters underground. The explosion, on 29 September, 1957, estimated to have a force of about 70–100 tons of TNT, threw the 160-ton concrete lid into the air. Facilities for monitoring operation of the coolers and the content of the tanks were inadequate.In 1957 the cooling system in one of the tanks containing about 70–80 tons of liquid radioactive waste failed and was not repaired. Since Ozyorsk/Mayak (named Chelyabinsk-40, then Chelyabinsk-65, until 1994) was not marked on maps, the disaster was named after Kyshtym, the nearest known town.After World War II, the Soviet Union lagged behind the US in development of nuclear weapons, so it started a rapid research and development program to produce a sufficient amount of weapons-grade uranium and plutonium.

Additionally, given the high level of secrecy surrounding Mayak, no reliable data about the number of casualties or radiation-induced illnesses has ever been released.Information about the disaster began to emerge the following year, including reports in the western press that a nuclear plant had exploded, releasing radioactive waste into the surrounding areas. When Lake Kyzyltash quickly became contaminated, Lake Karachay was used for open-air storage, keeping the contamination a slight distance from the reactors but soon making Lake Karachay the "most polluted spot on Earth".A storage facility for liquid nuclear waste was added around 1953. As a result, the Soviet Union quickly established the Mayak plutonium between 1945 and 1948. Medvedev's description of the disaster in the New Scientist was initially derided by western nuclear industry sources, but the core of his story was soon confirmed by Professor Leo Tumerman, former head of the Biophysics Laboratory at the Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology in Moscow.The true number of fatalities remains uncertain because radiation-induced cancer is clinically indistinguishable from any other cancer, and its incidence rate can only be measured through epidemiological studies. A newspaper from Vienna, Austria, The radiation levels in Ozyorsk currently stand at an annual level of 0.1 mSv, which is considered to be harmless. The Kyshtym Disaster was a radioactive contamination accident that occurred on September 29, 1957, at a plutonium production plant in Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk, Oblast, Russia.The accident took place at the Mayak Production Association, which is one of the largest nuclear facilities in Russia, and had been used by the Soviet Union for the production of nuclear energy and weapons. The event occurred in the town of Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, a closed city built around the Mayak plant. Because of the high level of radioactivity, the waste was heating itself through decay heat (though a chain reaction was not possible). The cloud moved between 300 to 350 km from the site of the accident, and the fallout from them cloud resulted in the contamination of an area that was up to 20,000 kmSince the nuclear research and production at the Mayak plant was conducted in secret, the areas and populations impacted by the Kyshtym Disaster were not immediately notified of the accident. Thus, the Kyshtym disaster also tells a story about the Cold War’s occasional absurdities—the CIA actually helped the Soviet Union keep its first nuclear catastrophe a secret until 1989. Not by the explosion and the initial exposure alone, but due to a long period of toxic … The temperature in it started to rise, resulting in evaporation and a chemical explosion of the dried waste, consisting mainly of ammonium nitrate and acetates (see ammonium nitrate/fuel oil bomb). But it was only in 1976 that Zhores Medvedev made the nature and extent of the disaster known to the world. By contrast, only 6,000 death certificates have been found for residents of the Techa riverside between 1950 and 1982 from all causes of death, though perhaps the Soviet study considered a larger geographic area affected by the airborne plume. In the absence of verifiable information, exaggerated accounts of the disaster were given. All six reactors were on Lake Kyzyltash and used an open cycle cooling system, discharging contaminated water directly back into the lake. However, the region remains contaminated with radioactive waste, and is therefore not safe for human settlement due to the risk of health and environmental concerns.All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2020 worldatlas.com Most of this contamination settled out near the site of the accident and contributed to the pollution of the Techa River, but a plume containing 2 MCi (80 PBq) of radionuclides spread out over hundreds of kilometers. Some were evacuated after a week but it took almost 2 years for evacuations to occur at other sites.Vague reports of a "catastrophic accident" causing "radioactive fallout over the Soviet and many neighboring states" began appearing in the western press between 13 and 14 April 1958, and the first details emerged in the Viennese paper Die Presse on 17 March 1959.

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