The U.S.S.R. recognized its sovereignty on September 6, and United Nations membership followed shortly thereafter. Get kids back-to-school ready with Expedition: Learn! [41], In the 17th and early 18th centuries, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, and Russia struggled for supremacy in the eastern Baltic. [6] Further projections show that the ethnic Russian population will continue a steady decline, despite higher birth rates, due to emigration. The largest city in Latvia is Riga, the second largest city is Daugavpils and the third largest city is Liepaja. Transit between Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan as well as other Asian countries and the West is large. [195] The greatest number of patents, both nationwide and abroad, are in medical chemistry. Latvia is a fertile land with a strong dairy industry, and a solid textile, chemical and electronic manufacturing base. [citation needed] Thus, the mostly peasant local pagan heritage was preserved, partly merging with Christian traditions. [26], In 1227, Albert conquered Oesel[42] and the city of Riga concluded a treaty with the Principality of Smolensk giving Polotsk to Riga. [163], Latvia's unemployment rate rose sharply in this period from a low of 5.4% in November 2007 to over 22%. The fairy-tale city was once nicknamed the “Paris of the East,” but Riga is quickly making a name for itself thanks to its timeless elegance and lavish beauty. Neighborhoods, Points of Interest & Landmarks, View of Riga from St Peter's Church Tower, Radisson Blu Latvija Conference & Spa Hotel, Hotels with Complimentary Breakfast in Riga. The University of Latvia and Riga Technical University are two major universities in the country, both established on the basis of[clarification needed] Riga Polytechnical Institute and located in Riga. This led to the development of the Amber Road. According to statistics in late 2013, 45% of the population supported the introduction of the euro, while 52% opposed it. Another terminal extension is under construction as of 2014[update]. [148] Per capita, Latvia is one of the largest contributors to international military operations. Riga is the largest city in Latvia and is situated on the central northern coast at the mouth of the Daugava. 155–185). Roughly half of all the jobs in Latvia are in Riga and the city generates more than 50% of Latvia's GDP as well as around half of Latvia's exports. Riga's inhabitants occupied themselves mainly with fishing, animal husbandry, and trading, later developing crafts (in bone, wood, amber, and iron).[25]. In 1621, during the Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625), Riga and the outlying fortress of Daugavgriva came under the rule of Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, who intervened in the Thirty Years' War not only for political and economic gain but also in favour of German Lutheran Protestantism. [156], Since the year 2000, Latvia has had one of the highest (GDP) growth rates in Europe. In 1944, because of the efforts of the Americans, British and other allied forces, it became clear that Nazi Germany could not win their war in Europe - an effort that in the end would soon be soundly defeated. [25], The year 1201 also marked the first arrival of German merchants in Novgorod, via the Dvina. Arable land is spotted with birch groves and wooded clusters, which afford a habitat for numerous plants and animals. On 18 February 2012, Latvia held a constitutional referendum on whether to adopt Russian as a second official language. [102] Non-marine molluscs of Latvia include 159 species. Lutheranism was more prominent before the Soviet occupation, when it was a majority religion of ~60% due to strong historical links with the Nordic countries and to the influence of the Hansa in particular and Germany in general. In the late 1980's, Soviet President Gorbachev introduced policies in Russia to help reduce the corruption at the top of the Communist Party. [61] Most were deported to Siberia where deaths were estimated at 40 percent, officers of the Latvian army being shot on the spot. 1953–1955 (in Latvian). Poland, Lithuania, Sweden and Russia continued their efforts to control the Baltic lands, and in 1611, after the Polish-Swedish War, parts of Livonia (Latvia) fell under Swedish control. [45] With the demise of the Livonian Order during the Livonian War, Riga for twenty years had the status of a Free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire before it came under the influence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by the Treaty of Drohiczyn, which ended the war for Riga in 1581.

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