America’s last World War I doughboy, Frank Buckles, died in 2011 in West Virginia at age 110. While Russian forces were still in the field against German and Austro-Hungarian forces, they were stumbling toward dissolution with units already choosing sides for what would become a civil war.And in Italy, a combined German-Austrian offensive pushed the Italian army back 60 miles from the battle line along the Isonzo River in the Battle of Caporetto. Mencken claimed the nickname could be traced to Continental Army soldiers who kept the piping on their uniforms white through the application of clay. Still, it was a tremendous accomplishment to build the camps and cantonments, even as soldiers were reporting for training.Equipment was another bottleneck. This exhibition features incredible artwork from the Australian War Memorial Collection illustrating the President Woodrow Wilson, who had just been re-elected under the slogan "He Kept Us Out of War," felt he had no other option.Congress provided the then-astronomical sum of $3 billion to build a million-man Army. Soldiers needed barracks, training areas, uniforms and equipment as well as a steady supply of recruits.While many Americans rushed to recruiting stations and enlisted, the War Department recommended a draft to build what was called the National Army. Many of the bases still familiar today were established in 1917. Camp Jackson, South Carolina; Camp Meade, Maryland; Camp Lee, Virginia; Camp Lewis, Washington and Camp Gordon, Georgia were among the 30 camps and cantonments the Army built to handle the hundreds of thousands of draftees that came in.The camps needed roads, railroad spurs, sewage, barracks, mess halls, headquarters buildings, hospitals -- all the things that a post needs to function -- and they needed to build them all at once.Camp Jackson was a good example. One of 4.7 million Americans who served in the war, Buckles was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. The actual origin of the term 'Doughboy' is still debated within both US historical and military circles, but it dates back to at least the American-Mexican War of 1846 to 1847. By Jim Garamone, DoD News, Defense Media ActivityApril 3, 2017, WASHINGTON -- War!That was the headline screaming from newspapers around the country on April 6, 1917, as the United States declared war on the German empire.The United States had avoided being drawn into what was then known as "The Great War," which had been raging in Europe since 1914. America’s last World War I doughboy, Frank Buckles, died in 2011 in West Virginia at age 110. To stabilize the front, British and French units -- desperately needed in France -- had to deploy to Italy.This was the situation Pershing faced when he arrived in France on June 10. Buckles enlisted in the Army at age 16 in August 1917, four months after the U.S. entered the conflict, and drove military vehicles in France. But the overriding reason for an independent American expeditionary force was the belief was that the American public would not support their soldiers fighting and dying under a foreign flag, Neumann said.PERSHING TAKES COMMANDWilson and Secretary of War Newton D. Baker chose Army Gen. John J. Pershing to lead what would become the American Expeditionary Forces in France. Most of the statues were erected in the 1920s and often through the fundraising efforts of grassroots veteran’s and women’s groups. The early 1920s also marked the first Red Scare when, in the wake of the Russian Revolution of 1917, Americans were on high alert over Communist revolutionaries. They saw the war as an inferno that would topple empires so democracy and the will of the people could triumph. The trench warfare of World War I was much like what North Carolina Confederates had experienced at Petersburg, Virginia, near the end of the Civil War (1861–1865). Pershing was one of the few Army leaders to command large formations, having been in charge of the U.S. intervention in Mexico in 1916. "There were too many loopholes. Machine guns or artillery? “These images of very fit, fighting doughboys shored up America’s confidence during a vulnerable time,” says Wingate. "Doing that was no simple task. Though the origins of the term are not certain, the nickname was still in use as of the early 1940s. Before the Americans arrived in Europe, the colloquialism had applied only to infantrymen, but at some point between April 1917 and November 1918, the word expanded to include the whole American armed forces. 'Doughboys' was the nickname given to the American Expeditionary Force that took part in the later years of World War I.Before the Americans arrived in Europe, the colloquialism had applied only to infantrymen, but at some point between April 1917 and November 1918, the word expanded to include the whole American armed forces. British and French personnel came to the United States to help train the doughboys, but it was mostly marching, target practice and small unit movement.Finally, what would the units themselves look like? Only when German submarine attacks on US shipping provoked did America join the war, decisively (although the US President has been accused of wanting to bring his nation into the war so he wouldn't be left out of the peace process!). This effort was duplicated at Camp Funston, Kansas; Camp Shelby, Mississippi; Camp Devens, Massachusetts and 26 other places around the United States.Some camps were better than others. Camp Jackson had a total military strength of 42,498, according to the Fort Jackson website.

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