25 May 1821, Bencoolen–d. Official Dutch complaints came before the end of the month, and Raffles attempted to appease the situation by instructing Farquhar to not interfere with the politics of surrounding islands. Colonel Bannerman's death in Penang in October 1819 brought new opportunities for Raffles to expand his power to also include the other minor British factories and outposts from Sumatra to Cochin China. Meanwhile, he was not only not granted a pension, but was called to pay over twenty-two thousand pounds sterling for losses incurred during his administration. Although ownership of the post was to be exclusively British, explicit orders were given to Farquhar to maintain free passage of ships through the Strait of Singapore and a small military presence was established alongside the trading post. The sculpture was completed in 1832 and it is in the north choir aisle.[22]. ", Lady Raffles lived on at Highwood House in Highwood Hill, Middlesex, where she died in 1858, aged 72. The Dutch claim on the Sultanate of Johore and hence, Rhio, and the diplomatic exchanges between Baron Godert van der Capellen and Calcutta continued throughout this time. Having deteriorated over a period of a few months, she died on 12 May 1840, to her mother's despair. [6], "Dutch cemetery rich with Jakarta history", "Remembering Sir Stamford Raffles, founder and first President of ZSL", "Lady Sophia Raffles (Biographical details)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sophia_Hull&oldid=971915521, Pages using Infobox writer with unknown parameters, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Stanford Marsden Raffles (son) (1820–1822), Ella Sophia Raffles (daughter) (1821–1840), Flora Nightingale Raffles (daughter) (1823–1823), Flora Nightingale Raffles (born and died 1823), This page was last edited on 9 August 2020, at 01:31. A final stop in Bencoolen followed. This is followed by laws regarding the port and freedom of trade. Won Pole Position Taster voucher 3 on 05th June 2019 . In the final few weeks of his stay in Singapore in 1823, Raffles drafted a series of administrative regulations for Singapore that aimed to govern Singapore in a fair manner but also reflected his stance on various moral and social issues. Janssens attempted to escape inland but was captured. He studied the Batak cannibals of Tapanuli and their rituals and laws regarding the consumption of human flesh, writing in detail about the transgressions that warranted such an act as well as their methods. In order to remedy the shortages his employer, the East India Company, concerned themselves only with profit-taking. Even as Raffles lived like a country gentleman and ran his colony like an estate, his expenditure on nature preservation was seriously frowned upon. A brass tablet was finally placed in 1887 but the actual whereabouts of his body was not known until 1914 when it was found in a vault. In 1825, Sir Stamford and Lady Raffles also returned to Britain; the journey took nearly a year, having lost many of their possessions in a fire on board East Indiaman Fame, which they barely escaped with their lives, and both were in poor health on board Mariner by the time they arrived. Farquhar was officially named the Resident of Singapore and Raffles was named as "Agent to the Most Noble the Governor-General with the States of Rhio (Riau), Lingin and Johor". Ella and John were due to marry in the summer of 1840, but Ella herself was then taken ill, initially with a broken blood vessel. When Benjamin retired from the West Indies trade in 1800 it caused his family considerable hardship. Sultan Hussein Shah was paid Spanish dollars 5,000 a year while Temenggong Abdul Rahman received 3,000 a year, both massive sums at the time, roughly equivalent to £287,000 and £172,000 now.[11][12]. On 22 February he married his second wife, Sophia Hull,[5] and later set sail to Bencoolen (present day Bengkulu in Indonesia) to take up his new post with his new wife. Confident that Farquhar would follow his instructions well, Raffles sailed for Bencoolen once again on 28 June. However, the pressures put upon Calcutta ensured that no single governor of all British possessions in the Strait or on Sumatra was appointed, and Raffles, whose health was slowly ailing, returned to Bencoolen. Bintan was also under consideration. However, Ella too died tragically, on the eve of her marriage to John Sumner, eldest son of the Bishop of Winchester. [21] Ella died in 1840, aged nineteen. It was at this point that he realized the importance of a British presence that both challenged the Dutch hegemony in the area and could remain consistently profitable, unlike Bencoolen or Batavia. Even so, Farquhar's administration was deemed unsatisfactory, for example, he allowed merchants to encroach on government areas, permitted vices such as gambling, and tolerated slave trade. 27 May 1821, Bencoolen - d. 5 May 1840, England). Because of his anti-slavery position, he was refused burial inside the local parish church (St Mary's Church, Hendon) by the vicar, Theodor Williams, whose family had made its money in Jamaica in the slave trade. However, the strategic importance of poorly maintained but well-positioned British possessions such as Penang or Bencoolen made it impossible for the British to abandon such unprofitable colonies in such proximity to the Dutch in Java. Raffles also planned to start a British presence in Achin, on the northern tip of Sumatra. Sister of Leopold Stamford Raffles; Charlotte Raffles; Stamford Marsdon Raffles and Flora Nightingall Raffles. The city was in a strategically advantageous position; however, he was ordered not to provoke the Dutch, and his subsequent actions were officially disavowed by the British government. [2] She was thirty, and her husband five years older. To replace the slaves, he used a contingent of convicts, already sent to him from India. When the church was extended in the 1920s, his tomb was incorporated into the body of the building and a square floor tablet with inscription marked the spot. [14]:40 A police force and magistracy were also set up on British principles, turning a trading post into a proper city with some semblance of order.

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