Realising that he had made an error of judgement, he did not enforce the Articles, and did not try again to introduce ecclesiastical innovations. A lever at the back moves his arm which may have once held a sceptre. James and his retinue visited the successful entrepreneur Sir George Bruce at his newly built ‘palace’ at Culross. Bequeathed  to National Galleries Scotland by A.W. Famously, James did little other than protest to Elizabeth over Mary’s execution in 1587.James ordered a splendid tomb to be made for Mary in Westminster Abbey when he became king of England. In 1590 he married Anna, the sister of the Danish king, Christian IV. She was a powerful figure in her own right, and maintained good relations for Scotland with the rich Protestant Danish king.In 1590, as James was attempting to bring home his new Danish wife Anna, a storm blew his ship off-course near the coast of East Lothian. You can Our doors are now open and we have started to welcome visitors back to our museums. So James’s reign produced the first Anglo-Scottish union (though this was not full political union) which helped to form the background to the formal union of 1707.In 1567, at the age of one, James was placed in Stirling Castle for his care and safety. Image courtesy of National Galleries Scotland.Above: The Penicuik jewels. But in the years following he suffered from political and religious factionalism at court, and in 1582 was abducted in the Ruthven Raid by several nobles, including the earl of Gowrie, who wanted to ensure a Presbyterian-inclined government of Scotland.By 1585, however, James was old enough to begin to impose his own will on the feuding factions.James had strong views on the rights of kings. Following a visit to see him, Mary was ‘abducted’ by James Hepburn, Lord Bothwell (whether or not she was a willing participant is unknown) and forced into marriage to him. As the new James I of England, he rode south and was to spend almost the entire rest of his life in England, based at Whitehall. This dynastic or regnal union became known as the ‘Union of the Crowns’, which included that of Ireland too.
James took fright on his tour, popping up in the middle of the firth to be rescued by boat. Above: Wat o’ Harden’s horn: Walter Scott of Harden was one of the leading men of the Scott surname, and deputy to its head, Sir Walter Scott of Buccleuch. SC 011130Above: James VI and I after he had acceded to the throne and moved to London. He was tutored by the stern Presbyterian and humanist George Buchanan.James was a clever boy, very well educated, who learnt the art of argument early. These violent disputes between families, and their large armed retinues, were often very long-running. Subsequently, several alleged witches from North Berwick were arrested, tortured and executed, a process in which James took an active part. He is thus known as James VI and I. Bloodfeud was seen as especially prevalent in the Borders (though it happened throughout Scotland), and James was to target the feud there. This was found at Ancrum, a stronghold of the Kers. We have introduced new safety measures and online timed ticketing. James VI and I (r. 1567-1625) Born in Edinburgh Castle on 19 June 1566, James was the only son of Mary, Queen of Scots and her second husband, Lord Darnley. Mary’s marble tomb with its elaborate canopy outshines the one he created for his predecessor on the English throne, Elizabeth I. Two years later, he married Anne of Denmark. Above: New Testament of 1619: New Testament (London, by Bonham Norton & John Bill, 1619) and Psalm book (London, 1621) bound together and covered with silver and silver-gilt threadwork and multicoloured petit point embroidery.Above: Silver medal struck for James’s marriage to Anna in 1590.Above: Church-ship model said to have been built in celebration of James and Anna’s marriage, and may have hung in a church in South Leith.Above: Witch's iron collar or jougs formerly owned by the parish of Ladybank in Fife, 17th century. He was to remain one of the king’s closest advisers and accompanied the young Prince Charles on his fruitless journey to Spain in search of a royal bride.

Because these men exerted significant power they stimulated resentment amongst those less favoured.These close relationships have led to speculation that James was gay, although it would be difficult to prove this conclusively.The Protestant Reformation in Scotland created a more Calvinist version of Protestantism, known in Scotland as Presbyterianism, in which all participants were said to be equal. Although he was a committed Protestant, he believed in a less extreme, Episcopalian version of Protestantism, in which the king was the head of the church, and ruled it through bishops. In 1604, James proclaimed himself King of Great Britain. In 1579, aged, 12, he made a formal entry as king into Edinburgh. Your donation today will protect our collections and help us to share their stories with the world.James VI and I was a hugely significant Stewart king, but has been overshadowed by his notorious relations: his predecessor in Scotland, his mother, Mary, Queen of Scots; in England, his cousin, Elizabeth I; and his successor in both kingdoms, Charles I.James VI and I was a hugely significant Stewart king, but has been overshadowed by his notorious relations: his predecessor in Scotland, his mother, Born in 1566, he was the product of Mary’s ill-fated marriage to Henry, Lord Darnley.

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