West Nile virus induces neurons to undergo a form of cellular self-destruction. Which domain of the A-B toxin binds to cell surface receptors on the host cell? Kramer LD(1), Styer LM, Ebel GD. Kramer@wadsworth.org West Nile virus (WNV) (Flavivirus: Flaviviridae) is the most widespread arbovirus in the world. What is the most likely mode of transmission for pneumonia pathogens? A global perspective on the epidemiology of West Nile virus. Mary never became ill from the same thing the families did. Pneumonia is a disease of the lungs. True or False: Using a case definition in surveillance programs increases the likelihood you collect information related only to the disease of interest and not information related to other diseases. Where is the site of Shigella attachment in the host? Children receiving MMR vaccine before going to kindergarten. Agent A is: The rate at which those who are exposed to a pathogen become infected is referred to as: Mary Mallon was a cook and house servant in New York around the turn of the 1900's. If mosquitoes are the mode of transmission for West Nile virus, why did the students in Bill's virology class focus on finding the virus in the dead birds rather than collecting mosquitoes to examine? Top to bottom: Ligand, Sugar, receptor, cytoplasmic, host cell. This person most likely has been exposed to a(n), A patient who has been hospitalized with uncontrolled muscle spasms has probably been infected with bacteria that secrete a(n). Which of the following enzymes breaks down the "glue" that holds cells together? However, Agent M ALWAYS occurs prior to the disease, while either agent A or B is present. During his research on West Nile virus, Bill learned that this virus is placed within a functional grouping known as arboviruses. The time between infection and occurrence of the first symptoms is termed the incubation period. They focus on each individual patient and so do not need epidemiological analysis. The application of the scientific method has helped move science from philosophical debate to an understanding of the world around us based on reproducible facts and phenomena. The scientific method is a four-step framework for the process of scientific investigation. The children were told that they could have a marshmallow (right in front of them) but if they waited for 15 minutes, they could have two marshmallows. Molecules that are capable of destroying phagocytes, Measles viruses are capable of inactivating host defenses by. Descriptive epidemiology: Observe and collect data concerning a disease. It is a concern to health care professionals because an infection in the brain means the virus has breached protective measures. The state patrolman tests positive for HIV 6 months later. Mary was: Which of the following can be involved in the indirect transmission of disease, from a reservoir to a host? Deciding to wear a seat belt while driving. Author information: (1)The Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA. In 2006, there were over 800 human cases of West Nile virus in Idaho (the previous year there were 10). -WNV is the most common pathogen spread by the mosquitos in the continental United States. Creating a spot map and reporting rates by county for West Nile virus is an example of: The "father of field epidemiology", John Snow, used _________ and _________ to determine the cause of a cholera epidemic in London, A spot map; Comparison of death rates in different parts of the city. See ECDC map. These researchers were conducting a(n): A number of passengers on a cruise ship from Puerto Rico to the Panama Canal have recently developed a gastrointestinal illness compatible with norovirus (formerly called Norwalk-like virus). What features of West Nile virus make it an emerging disease of special concern? In 2006, there were over 800 human cases of West Nile virus in Idaho (the previous year there were 10). It includes only new cases of disease over a period of time. In 1999 WNV spread to North America and has subsequently been detected there in all states except Alaska and Haw… A disease occurs when Agent A is present, but can also occur when agent B is present. Epidemiology of West Nile virus. Each of these factors is: A term that refers to the proportion of people who are infected with a pathogen, who develop disease: Zoonosis is the term used to describe diseases that pass from animal to human. -Discovered in the West Nile region in Uganda

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