This built up frustrations that ultimately contributed to the causes of the First Jewish-Roman War.[12]. When he died, his building projects that once allowed for job opportunities were stopped, and many people lost their jobs. The repatriation of the Jews under Ezra's inspired leadership, construction of the Second Temple on the site of the First Temple, refortification of the walls of Jerusalem, and establishment of the Knesset Hagedolah (Great Assembly) as the supreme religious and judicial body of the Jewish people marked the beginning of the Second Temple period. Many people were impoverished because of Herod’s high taxes and spendings. The Roman province of Judaea extended over parts of the former regions of the Hasmonean and Herodian kingdoms. Based on the biblical account, after the return from Babylonian captivity under Zerubbabel, arrangements were almost immediately made to reorganize the desolated Yehud Province after the demise of the Kingdom of Judah seventy years earlier. During the Roman period, in AD 70, the Second Temple was destroyed, along with Jerusalem, by Titus’ army. On the death of Herod Antipas in AD 39 Herod Agrippa became ruler of Galilee also, and in AD 41, as a mark of favour by the emperor Claudius, succeeded the Roman prefect Marullus as ruler of Iudaea. Strictly speaking, the Second Temple period extends from the construction of the temple at the end of the sixth century bce to its destruction by the Romans in 70 ce. As a close and loyal ally to the Romans, Herod extended his rule as far as Arabia, created ambitious projects of construction and renovated the Temple. The term that refers to the entire span of history from the of the Jews’ return to their homeland after the Babylonian exile, starting in 538 b.c.e.—shortly after which (ca. After the death of the last Jewish Prophets of the antiquity and still under Persian rule, the leadership of the Jewish people was in the hands of five successive generations of zugot ("pairs of") leaders. All Rights Reserved. Strictly speaking, the Second Temple period extends from the construction of the temple at the end of the sixth century bce to its destruction by the Romans in 70 ce. However, Jewish tradition avers that the Second Temple stood for only four-hundred and twenty years, i.e. . Agrippa surrendered Chalis to his brother Herod and ruled in Philip’s stead. Even if one accepts the more traditional dating of biblical sources, the final edition of the Torah must be placed after the Exile. [4] First they erected and dedicated the altar of God on the exact spot where it had formerly stood, and they then cleared away the charred heaps of debris which occupied the site of the old temple; and in the second month of the second year (535 BC), amid great public excitement and rejoicing, the foundations of the Second Temple were laid. This revolt eventually led to the formation of an independent Judean kingdom, under the Hasmonaean Dynasty, which lasted from 165 to 37 BC. The Book of Haggai includes a prediction[10] that the glory of the second temple would be greater than that of the first. Many of the most popular tourist destinations in Israel today, including the Western Wall and Tower of David, were built by Herod. From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. During this period, Second Temple Judaism can be seen as shaped by three major crises and their results, as various groups of Jews reacted to them differently. The people, who did not want to be governed by a king but by theocratic clergy, made appeals in this spirit to the Roman authorities. Even if one accepts the more traditional dating of biblical sources, the final edition of the Torah must be placed after the Exile.

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