The process-factor- cause nexus is strongly impacted by site-specific conditions. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. Rotation and nitrogen fertilizer effects on pearl millet, cowpea and groundnut yield and soil chemical properties in a sandy soil in the semi-arid tropics, West Africa. These also sources of organic matter in soil as the fallen are decomposed. It's OK, but very about US. Keep soil covered is fundamental principle in restoration of degraded agricultural land. Benayas, J.M.R., Newton, A.C., Diaz, A., et al. Retention ditches: These are made along the contours to capture and retain incoming runoff water and hold it until it seeps into the ground. Stabilization is the minimum level of restoration that should be undertaken in any degrading landscape to prevent the situation from becoming worse. Only rarely are nitrates present in appreciable quantities (Abrol, Yadav, & Massoud, 1988). Conflict of Interest: The author declares no conflict of interest. has been added to your Cart. Soil erosion is initiated when there is low vegetation cover on the soil surface. Agricultural legacy, climate, and soil influence the restoration and carbon potential of woody regrowth in Australia. (2002) Field Crops Res 75(1): 53–62. Examples of specific causes include activities such as deforestation, land use conversion, extractive farming practices or over-exploitation, excessive grazing, excessive plowing among others (Figure 1). However, stopping the active degradation will not necessarily restore a degraded land to its former condition. In situations like this, additional work is required to fully restore the degraded land. However, restoration by land separation would provide these triple benefits only at the landscape scale as this restoration type is at the expense of field-level agricultural production. Keep soil covered is fundamental principle in restoration of degraded agricultural land. Ziegler, A.D., Fox, J.M., Webb, E.L., et al. These approaches offer opportunities in both tropical and temperate regions (Bergmeier et al., 2010). … Accelerated degradation is shrinking the finite soil resource even more rapidly in these regions of harsh climate and fragile soils. e) Restoring or creating specific elements to benefit wildlife and particular services without competition for agricultural land use: This is another method of restoring agriculture land. To schedule Mark for a design consultation, restoration agriculture installation, workshop, or speaking engagement, visit the site below. Recognizing contemporary roles of swidden agriculture in transforming landscapes of Southeast Asia. The principal types of drainage systems are horizontal relief drains, such as open ditches, buried tiles or perforated pipes, or vertical pumped drainage wells. Very good book, makes the case very well and his passion shines through. d) Subsurface drainage such as tile drains. (2010) Ecol Engg 36(5): 631–639. The extent and nature of the reconstruction works will depend on what you are trying to achieve for the site. In a study conducted by Bationo and Ntare, (2000) in Niger found out that legume–millet rotation with 30 kg Nha maintained a high level in soil organic carbon pool and sustained crop yields. Field investigations in dry areas show that crop production may be increased by as much as 300% while the increase in average years is often 30 to 50%. If the gap is too long between harvesting one crop and sowing of the next crop than the additional cover crops may be required. Receive an email notification when changes occur for Restoration Agriculture Development Inc.. Please try again. c) Mulching and the use of crop residues: Spreading on the bare soil surface or placement of plant materials such as dry grass, straw, dry leaves, banana leaves, sugar cane trash, and other crop residues around the stem of the plants is helpful in controlling soil erosion and moisture conservation (Bashir et al., 2017). Farmyard manure, green manure and composts are the main sources of organic fertilizers. Traditional farming methods are extremely diverse, by their nature, but they often share a number of distinguishing characteristics in comparison to intensive systems: on-farm cycling of nutrients and resources, the development of local varieties and breeds, high spatial and temporal structural diversity, use of local pollination and pest control services, and effective exploitation of local environmental heterogeneity (Altieri, 2004).

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